Lesson Ten

To listen to the audio, click a phrase/word. To download, hold down 'd' and click.

Dialogue ten: Talking about religion

H: tu mUsalmáan shíway ye? Have you become a Muslim?	تۀ مُسلمان شوے يې؟
L: zu yo khaalíq maalík raazíq khUdaay manúm. I believe in one creator, Lord, sustainer God.	زۀ يو خالِق مالِک رازِق خُدائ منم.
L: yo khu mUsalmáan ba táaso tsínga péjzaney? How would you recognise a good Muslim?	يو ښۀ مُسلمان به تاسو څنګه پېژنئ؟
H: haghá ba peenzú wakhta moonz kawee. He would do prayers five times.	هغه به پينځۀ وخته مُونځ کوى.
H: aw ghalát kaar ba nu kawée.	او غلط کار به نۀ کوى.
L: taa haj kúRay day? Have you done the pilgrimage?	تا حج کړے دے؟
H: na, maa haj nu day kuRay. No, I haven't done the pilgrimage.	نه، ما حج نۀ دے کړے.
L: kha, daa raa-ta óo-waaya che tsóomra aasmaanee kitaaboona dee? Fine, tell me how many heavenly books there are?	ښه، دا راته ووايه چې څومره آسمانى کتابونه دى؟
H: tsalor aasmaanee kitaaboona dee: qUraan sharéef, injéel sharéef, zabóor shareef aw toráat shareef. There are four heavenly books: the Holy Quran, The Holy Gospel, the Holy Psalms and the Holy Torat.	څلور آسمانى کتابونه دى: قُرآن شريف، اِنجيل شريف، زبُور شريف او تورات شريف.
L: tu daa kitaaboona waaye? Do you read these books?	تۀ دا کتابونه وائى؟
H: na, Tol nu waayum. qUráan sharéef me wayulay day. No, I don't read them all. I have read the Holy Quran.	نه، ټول نۀ وايم. قُرآن شريف مې وئيلے دے.

Pronunciation drill

Focus on ړ - R

ړُوند سړے لړم وچيچو او مړ شو.

Roond saRay laRúm óocheecho aw muR sho.

The blind man bit a scorpion and died.

👆 Practice this sentence with your helper.

Non-emphatic possessive pronouns

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	me my مې	mU our مو
2nd	de your دې	mU your (plur. && polite sing.) مو
3rd	ye his, her, its یې	ye theirs یې

NOTES:

These possessive pronouns are interchangeable with the possesive pronouns (زما - ‍zmaa, ستا - staa, etc.) already introduced (for example, Lesson 7 Possessive pronouns).
Non-emphatic possessive pronouns always follow another word, generally the noun they modify. For example, the sentence “My son is coming home” could be said as:

zmaa zooy kor ta raazee.	زما زوئ کور ته راځى.
zooy me kor ta raazee.	زوئ مې کور ته راځى.

These non-emphatic prouns can also be used as objects of present tense sentences or subjects of transitive past tense sentences. For example:

shor mU Der zyaat tangawee.	The noise disturbs us a lot	شور مو ډېر زیات تنګوی.
daa mU tsínga pokh kúRay day?	How did you cook it?	دا مو څنګه پوخ کړے دے؟

مو - mU, just like تاسو - táaso can be used to refer to a singular person of higher rank. (Plural of respect)

Non-emphatic possessive pronouns in sentences

zmaa tru du warsúk na nun raazée.	My uncle is coming from Warsak today.	زما ترۀ د ورسک نه نن راځى.
tru me du warsúk na nun raazée.	My uncle is coming from Warsak today.	ترۀ مې د ورسک نه نن راځى.
zmoong khor halwáa khorée	Our sister is eating pudding.	زمُونږ خور حلوا خورى.
khor mU halwaa khorée.	Our sister is eating pudding.	خور مو حلوا خورى.
staa plaar pu kaarkhaaná ke kaar kawee?	Does your (sing.) father work in a factory?	ستا پلار په کارخانه کښې کار کوى؟
plaar mU pu kaarkhaana ke kaar kawee?	Does your (plur.) father work in a factory?	پلار مو په کارخانه کښې کار کوى؟
staaso DoDúy Déra mazeedáara da.	Your (plur.) food is very delicious.	ستاسو ډوډۍ ډېره مزېداره ده.
DoDúy mU Déra mazeedáara da.	Your (plur.) food is very delicious.	ډوډۍ مو ډېره مزېداره ده.
du de mor booDúy da.	Her mother is old.	د دې مور بُوډۍ ده.
mor ye booDúy da.	Her mother is old.	مور يې بُوډۍ ده.
du haghwee kor hálta day.	Their house is there.	د هغوى کور هلته دے.
kor ye hálta day.	Their house is there.	کور يې هلته دے.

👆 Practice interchanging the possessive adjectives in similar sentences.

Possesive pronouns with پکار - pukáar to signal need

staa hágha qalúm pukáar day?	Do you need that pen?	ستا هغه قلم پکار دے؟
hágha qalúm de pukáar day?	Do you need that pen?	هغه قلم دې پکار دے؟
zmaa dre sre kapiyáane pukáar dee.	I need three red notebooks.	زما درې سرې کاپيانې پکار دى.
dre sre kapiyáane me pukáar dee.	I need three red notebooks.	درې سرې کاپيانې مې پکار دى.
du haghú tsu shay pukáar day?	What does he need?	د هغۀ څۀ شے پکار دے؟
tsu shay ye pukáar day?	What does he need?	څۀ شے يې پکار دے؟
staaso daa tsaplúy pukáar nú-dee?	Don't you need these sandals?	ستاسو دا څپلۍ پکار نۀ دى؟
daa tsupulúy mU pukáar nu nu.	We do not need these sandals.	دا څپلۍ مو پکار نۀ دى.
zmoong oos hets shay pukáar nu day.	We don't need anything now.	زمُونږ اوس هېڅ شے پکار نۀ دے.
oos mU hets shay pukáar nu day.	We don't need anything now.	اوس مو هېڅ شے پکار نۀ دے.
du haghwée DoDúy pukáar da.	They need food.	د هغوى ډوډۍ پکار ده.
DoDúy ye pukáar da.	They need food.	ډوډۍ يې پکار ده.

Fifteen common transitive verbs in the present tense

اغوستل - aghostúl (to wear, to put on) - present tense verb stem: اغوند - aghond

nun hawáa Déra yakha da. tsu aghonde?	Today the air is very cold. What are you wearing?	نن هوا ډېره يخه ده. څۀ اغوندې؟
zu yo dróond koT aghondum.	I am wearing a heavy coat.	زۀ يو درُوند کوټ اغوندم.
haghá núwe jaame aghondee.	He is wearing a new shalwar kamis.	هغه نوې جامى اغوندى.

اورېدل - aawredul (to hear, to listen) - Present tense verb stem: اور - aawr

taaso khabróona aawrey?	Do you listen to the news?	تاسو خبرُونه اورئ؟
moong hăra shpo khabróona aawroo.	We listen to the news every night.	مُونږ هره شپه خبرُونه اورو.
haghá du pukhto sandúre áawree?	Is he listening to Pukhto music?	هغه د پښتو سندرې اورى؟
na, haghá nu áawree.	No, he isn't listening.	نه، هغه نۀ اورى.

NOTE:

Verbs ending in ـېدل - -edul are usually intransitive; اورېدل - aawredúl is an exception.

اخستل - akhistúl (to buy, to take) - Present tense verb stem: اخل - akhl

khaansaamá mU hărawruz du baazáar na sodaa akhlee?	Does your cook buy goods from the bazaar daily?	خانسامه مو هره ورځ د بازار نه سودا اخلى؟
na hărawruz sodaa nu akhlee.	No, he does not buy goods every day.	نه، هره ورځ سودا نۀ اخلى.
tu du haghú na tsu akhle?	What are you taking from him?	تۀ د هغۀ نه څۀ اخلې؟
du haghú na yo khu kitáab ákhlum.	I'm getting a good book from him.	د هغۀ نه يو ښۀ کتاب اخلم.

بوتلل - botlúl (to take (people/animals)) - Present tense verb stem: بوځ - boz

tsu wakht haghá DakTúr ta boze?	At what time are you taking him to the doctor?	څۀ وخت هغه ډاکټر ته بوځې؟
oos ye bozúm	I'm taking him now.	اوس یې بوځم
Draawúr daa khuza dăftar ta bozee?	Is the driver also taking this woman to the office?	ډرائيور دا ښځه هم دفتر ته بوځى؟
na, nu ye bozee.	No, he's not taking her.	نه، نهٔ یې بوځی.

NOTES:

بوتلل - botlúl is only used for taking or carrying people and animals (i.e. animate objects).
In contrast, the verb وړل - oRúl - Subjunctive verb stem: یوس / وېس - yos / wes is used with inanimate objects. For example:

{" "}

zu khat Daak`khaane to yósum?

Can I take a letter to the Post Office?

زۀ خط ډاکخانى ته يوسم؟

ګنډل - ganDúl (to sow, to mend)

tu tsu wakht zmaa kamées ganDé?	When are you sewing my shirt?	تۀ څۀ وخت زما قميص ګنډې؟
oos ye ganDúm.	I'm sewing it now.	اوس يې ګنډم.
haghá oos tsu ganDée?	What is she sewing now?	هغه اوس څۀ ګنډى؟
haghá núwe jaamé ganDée.	She is sewing new clothes.	هغه نوې جامې ګنډى.

غوښتل - ghwukhtúl (to want, to ask (for)) - Present tense verb stem: غواړ - ghwaaR

haghá zmaa na tsu ghwáaRee?	What does she want from me?	هغه زما نه څۀ غواړى؟
staa na luge payse ghwaaRee.	She wants a little money from you.	ستا نه لږې پیسې غواړى.
taaso tsu ghwaaRey?	What do you want?	تاسو څۀ غواړئ؟
miribaanée, hets ne ghwaaRum.	Thanks, I don't want a thing.	مِهربانى، هېڅ نۀ غواړم.

لیدل - leedúl (to see, to visit) - Present tense verb stem: وین - ween

taaso hágha saRáy weeney?	Do you see that man?	تاسو هغه سړے وينئ؟
na, zu ye du de zaay na nú weenum.	No, I don't see him from here.	نه، زۀ يې د دې ځائ نه نۀ وينم.
hărawruz khpul malgúray weene?	Do you see your friend daily?	هره ورځ خپل ملګرے وينې؟
na, kala kala ye weenum.	No, I see him now and again.	نه، کله کله يې وينم.

لیکل - leekúl (to write)

tsok Dére mazeedáare qeese leekée?	Who writes very enjoyable stories?	څوک ډېرې مزېدارې قيصې ليکى؟
ahmad leekée.	Ahmad writes.	احمد ليکى.
daa mazmóon du chaa dupáara leeké?	Who are you writing this essay for?	دا مضمُون د چا د پاره ليکې؟
du klaas dupáara ye leekúm.	I'm writing it for class.	د کلاس د پاره يې ليکم.

لوستل - loostul, lwastul (to read) - Present tense verb stem: لو - lo

tu Urdóo loostúlay she?	Can you read Urdu?	تۀ اُردو لوستلے شې؟
tu sahár tsu lóle?	What do you read in the morning?	تۀ سحر څۀ لولې؟
zu sahár qUráan-i-paak lolúm.	I read the Holy Quran in the morning.	زۀ سحر قُرآن پاک لولم.
táaso Dere risaale lóley?	Do you read a lot of magazines?	تاسو ډېرې رسالې لولئ؟
na, hărawruz akhbáar lóloo.	No, we read the newspapers daily.	نه، هره ورځ اخبار لولو.

NOTE:

In common speech وایل - waayúl is often used in place of لوستل - loostul. In special cases لیدل - leedúl is also used to mean 'to read’.

وینځل - weenzul (to wash)

khuza de hărawruz yawáaze lóokhee weenzee?	Does your wife wash the dishes herself every day?	ښځه دې هره ورځ يواځې لوښى وينځى؟
aw, wăle zu wărsara wéenzum	Yes, why, should I wash with her?	او، ولې زۀ ورسره وينځم څۀ؟
tu hăra haftá jaamé wéenze?	Do you wash clothes every week?	تۀ هره هفته جامې وينځې؟
aw, hăra haftá wéenzum.	Yes, I wash them every week.	او، هره هفته وينځم.
DoDúy na mukhke zu laas wéenzum.	I wash my hands before (eating) food.	ډوډۍ نه مخکښې زۀ لاس وينځم.

NOTES:

وینځل - weenzúl is only used to describe washing hands and feet, but not for the whole body (when لمبل - lambúl is used).
Washing clothes and dishes is definitely ښځو کار - khuzo kaar (women's work) amongst traditional Pukhtun families, even when women are sick.
پېژندل - pejzandúl (to know, to recognize) - Present tense verb stem: پېژن - pejzan

tu hasán péjzane?	Do you know Hassan?	تۀ حسن پېژنې؟
aw, pejzanum.	Yes, I know him.	او، پېژنم.
khufa nu shey, zu táaso nu pejzanum.	Don't be upset, I don't know you.	خفه نۀ شئ، زۀ تاسو نۀ پېژنم.
taaso khu moTúr pejzaney?	Can you recognise a good car?	تاسو ښۀ موټر پېژنئ؟
aw, moong pejzanoo.	Yes, we can recognise (one).	او، مُونږ پېژنُو.
haghwée haqeeqát pejzanee?	Do they know truth?	هغوئ حقيقت پېژنى؟
zu de pejzanum kho noom de raa-na her sho.	I know you, but I've forgotten your name.	زۀ دې پېژنم خو نُوم دې رانه هېر شو.

NOTE:

The verb پوهېدل - pohedúl means 'to know or understand something', while پېژندل - pejzandúl means 'to know someone’.

راوستل - raawustúl (to bring (animate objects)) - Present verb stem: راول - raawul

taaso hărawruz haghá du dăftur na kor to raawuléy?	Do you bring her home from the office daily?	تاسو هره ورځ هغه د دفتر نه کور ته راولئ؟
aw, hărawruz ye raawulúm.	Yes, I bring her every day.	او، هره ورځ يې راولم.
rishka ba de tsu dălta raawulée?	When will the rickshaw bring you here?	رکشه به دې څۀ وخت دلته راولى؟
hagha ba me begaa la dălta raawulée.	He will bring me here tonight.	هغه به مې بېګا له دلته راولى.

راوړل - raawRúl (to bring (inanimate objects)) - Present tense verb stem: راوړ - raawR

nokúr de tso báje du baazáar na DoDúy raawRée?	When does your servant bring bread from the bazaar?	نوکر دې څو بجې د بازار نه ډوډۍ راوړى؟
atú báj raawRée.	He brings it at eight o'clock.	اتۀ، بجې راؤړى.
moong la tsok chaay raawRée?	Who brings us tea?	مُونږ له څوک چائې راؤړى؟
loor me raawRée.	My daughter brings it.	لُور مې راؤړى.

وئیل / وائیل - waayul / wayul (to say, to tell, to read, to study)

tu tsu shay wáaye?	What are you reading?	ته څه شے وائې؟
yuwa qeesá pu injéel sharéef ke wáayum.	I am reading a story in the Holy Injil.	يوه قيصه په اِنجيل شريف کښې وايم.
tsu waaye?	What are you saying?	څۀ وائې؟
waayum maa sara chaay skey?	I'm saying "Will you drink tea with me?"	وايم ما سره چائې څکئ؟
zu sabúq waayum.	I am studying a lesson.	زۀ سبق وايم.

وړل - oRúl (to take (inanimate objects))

tu nun zmaa kitáab oRé?	Are you taking my book today?	تۀ نن زما کتاب وړې؟
aw, nun staa kitáab oRúm.	Yes, I'm taking your book today.	او، نن ستا کتاب وړم.
haghá daa kaaghazóona dăftur ta oRée?	Is she taking these papers to the office?	هغه دا کاغذُونه دفتر ته وړى؟
na, nu ye oRée.	No, she is not taking them.	نه، نه یې وړی.

Memorising moment

matalóona

په خوله خوږه او په زړۀ کښې کږه.

pu kholá khwagá aw pu zRu ke kagá.

Sweet mouth, but crooked heart.

چې دَ خُدائ په چا نظر شى تورے خاورې ورته زر شى.

che du khUdáay pu chaa nazár shee tóre khaawre wăr-ta zur shee.

Black soil becomes gold for the one whom God looks at with favour.

Rahman Baba

زۀ رحمان چې غشے ولم خطا نۀ ځى.

په بغداد کښې مې کام ل کام ل پيران شته.

zu rahmáan che ghúshay wálum khatáa nu zee.

pu bUghdáad ke me kaamíl kaamíl peeráan shta.

I, Rahman don't miss when I shoot an arrow.

In Baghdad there are perfect, perfect pirs.

NOTE:

A پیر - peer (pir) is a saint or religious guide. خطا نه ځی - khatáa nu zee, translated 'to miss’, means literally, 'to not make a mistake’.

Tell a joke

👆 Have your language helper work with you so you can tell this joke. Then go out and use it.

zmaa yo dost wo.	زما يو دوست وو.
haghá waadú nu wo kúRay	هغۀ وادۀ نۀ وو کړے
aw du khpul wror pu kor ke osedó.	او د خپل ورور په کور کښې اوسېدو.
yúwawruz pekhawár ta ráaghay	يوه ورځ پېښور ته راغے
pu hoTúl ke DoDúy khoRúla	په هوټل کښې یې ډوډۍ خوړله
che DoDúy ye óokatule no Tóle swazedúle we.	چې ډوډۍ یې وکتلې نو ټولې سوزېدلې وې.
bera ta ye aawáaz wărkRo, "de khwaa ráasha!"	بېره ته يې آواز ورکړو "دېخوا راشه!"
"tsu pukáar dee?"	"څۀ پکار دى؟"
"zu baawarchee khaane ta zum."	"زۀ باورچى خانې ته زم."
"tsu dupáara? maa ta hÚkum kawéy che tsu pukáar wee, zu ba ráawRum!"	"څۀ د پاره؟ ما ته حکم کوئ چې څۀ پکار وى، زۀ به راوړم!"
"na! zu pu khpula katúl ghwáaRum che daa DoDúy zmaa wrandáar kho nu dee pakhe kúRe"	"نه! زۀ په خپله کتل غواړم چې دا ډوډۍ زما ورندار خو نۀ دى پخې کړې."

The English translation is given at the end of the Lesson. Use it to check your translation / comprehension.

Exercises for Lesson Ten

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct form of the verb shown.

وینځل - weenzúl

hágha nun jáame.

هغه نن جامې.

کتل - katúl

moong la du sará khabróona.

مُونږ له دۀ سره خبرُونه.

اورېدل - aawredúl

moong hărawruz khabróona.

هغوى هره ورځ خبرُونه.

پېژندل - pejzandúl

tu hasán aw gUl makuy.

تۀ حسن او ګُل مکۍ.

لوستل - loostúl

táaso hăra shpa yo núway kitáab.

تاسو هره شپه يو نوے کتاب.

بوتلل - botlúl

Draaywúr moong dăftúr ta.

ډرائيور مُونږ دفتر ته.

غوښتل - ghwukhtúl

taaso tsu shay.

تاسو څۀ شے.

لیدل - leedúl

tu hăra shpa zmaa malgúray.

تۀ هره شپه زما ملګرے.

اخستل - akhistúl

táaso hágha kor.

تاسو هغه کور.

راوړل - raawRúl

dwee nun núway maal zmaa dookáan ta.

دوئ نن نوے مال زما دُوکان ته.

Make meaningful questions and answers from the following pairs of words and then make similar sentences on your own.

jaame weenzul	جامې وينځل
sandúre aawredúl	سندرې اورېدل
akhbar loostúl	اخبر لوستل
kapRá ganDúl	کپړه ګنډل
sodaa akhistúl	سودا اخستل
maashóom botlúl	ماشُوم بوتلل
qeesá leekúl	قیصه لیکل
lóokhee weenzúl	لوښی وینځل

Translation of the joke.

I had a friend. He was not married and lived with his brother. One day he came to Peshawar and ate bread in a restaurant. When he saw the bread, every piece was burned. He called to the waiter, “Come here!” "What do you want?" “I want to go into the kitchen.” "What for? Tell me what you want and I will bring it for you." “No! I want to see for myself if my sister-in-law made this bread.”